Copyright 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Written by Ian Lance Taylor of Cygnus Support <ian@cygnus.com>.
This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston,
MA 02110-1301, USA. */
1. INTEL FORMATS
A. Intel 1
16-bit address-field format, for files 64k bytes in length or less.
DATA RECORD
Byte 1 Header = colon(:)
2..3 The number of data bytes in hex notation
4..5 High byte of the record load address
6..7 Low byte of the record load address
8..9 Record type, must be "00"
10..x Data bytes in hex notation:
x = (number of bytes - 1) * 2 + 11
x+1..x+2 Checksum in hex notation
x+3..x+4 Carriage return, line feed
END RECORD
Byte 1 Header = colon (:)
2..3 The byte count, must be "00"
4..7 Transfer-address (usually "0000")
the jump-to address, execution start address
8..9 Record type, must be "01"
10..11 Checksum, in hex notation
12..13 Carriage return, line feed
B. INTEL 2
MCS-86 format, using a 20-bit address for files larger than 64K bytes.
DATA RECORD
Byte 1 Header = colon (:)
2..3 The byte count of this record, hex notation
4..5 High byte of the record load address
6..7 Low byte of the record load address
8..9 Record type, must be "00"
10..x The data bytes in hex notation:
x = (number of data bytes - 1) * 2 + 11
x+1..x+2 Checksum in hex notation
x+3..x+4 Carriage return, line feed
EXTENDED ADDRESS RECORD
Byte 1 Header = colon(:)
2..3 The byte count, must be "02"
4..7 Load address, must be "0000"
8..9 Record type, must be "02"
10..11 High byte of the offset address
12..13 Low byte of the offset address
14..15 Checksum in hex notation
16..17 Carriage return, line feed
The checksums are the two's complement of the 8-bit sum
without carry of the byte count, offset address, and the
record type.
START ADDRESS RECORD
Byte 1 Header = colon (:)
2..3 The byte count, must be "04"
4..7 Load address, must be "0000"
8..9 Record type, must be "03"
10..13 8086 CS value
14..17 8086 IP value
18..19 Checksum in hex notation
20..21 Carriage return, line feed
Another document reports these additional types:
EXTENDED LINEAR ADDRESS RECORD
Byte 1 Header = colon (:)
2..3 The byte count, must be "02"
4..7 Load address, must be "0000"
8..9 Record type, must be "04"
10..13 Upper 16 bits of address of subsequent records
14..15 Checksum in hex notation
16..17 Carriage return, line feed
START LINEAR ADDRESS RECORD
Byte 1 Header = colon (:)
2..3 The byte count, must be "02"
4..7 Load address, must be "0000"
8..9 Record type, must be "05"
10..13 Upper 16 bits of start address
14..15 Checksum in hex notation
16..17 Carriage return, line feed
The MRI compiler uses this, which is a repeat of type 5:
EXTENDED START RECORD
Byte 1 Header = colon (:)
2..3 The byte count, must be "04"
4..7 Load address, must be "0000"
8..9 Record type, must be "05"
10..13 Upper 16 bits of start address
14..17 Lower 16 bits of start address
18..19 Checksum in hex notation
20..21 Carriage return, line feed. */
#include "sysdep.h"
#include "bfd.h"
#include "libbfd.h"
#include "libiberty.h"
#include "safe-ctype.h"
#define CHUNK 16
#define NIBBLE(x) (hex_value (x))
#define HEX2(buffer) ((NIBBLE ((buffer)[0]) << 4) + NIBBLE ((buffer)[1]))
#define HEX4(buffer) ((HEX2 (buffer) << 8) + HEX2 ((buffer) + 2))
#define ISHEX(x) (hex_p (x))
they are seen. Instead, we hold them in memory in this structure. */
struct ihex_data_list
{
struct ihex_data_list *next;
bfd_byte *data;
bfd_vma where;
bfd_size_type size;
};
struct ihex_data_struct
{
struct ihex_data_list *head;
struct ihex_data_list *tail;
};
static void
ihex_init (void)
{
static bfd_boolean inited;
if (! inited)
{
inited = TRUE;
hex_init ();
}
}
static bfd_boolean
ihex_mkobject (bfd *abfd)
{
struct ihex_data_struct *tdata;
tdata = bfd_alloc (abfd, sizeof (* tdata));
if (tdata == NULL)
return FALSE;
abfd->tdata.ihex_data = tdata;
tdata->head = NULL;
tdata->tail = NULL;
return TRUE;
}
Return EOF on error or end of file. */
static INLINE int
ihex_get_byte (bfd *abfd, bfd_boolean *errorptr)
{
bfd_byte c;
if (bfd_bread (&c, (bfd_size_type) 1, abfd) != 1)
{
if (bfd_get_error () != bfd_error_file_truncated)
*errorptr = TRUE;
return EOF;
}
return (int) (c & 0xff);
}
static void
ihex_bad_byte (bfd *abfd, unsigned int lineno, int c, bfd_boolean error)
{
if (c == EOF)
{
if (! error)
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_truncated);
}
else
{
char buf[10];
if (! ISPRINT (c))
sprintf (buf, "\\%03o", (unsigned int) c);
else
{
buf[0] = c;
buf[1] = '\0';
}
(*_bfd_error_handler)
(_("%B:%d: unexpected character `%s' in Intel Hex file"),
abfd, lineno, buf);
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
}
}
section for each contiguous set of bytes. */
static bfd_boolean
ihex_scan (bfd *abfd)
{
bfd_vma segbase;
bfd_vma extbase;
asection *sec;
unsigned int lineno;
bfd_boolean error;
bfd_byte *buf = NULL;
size_t bufsize;
int c;
if (bfd_seek (abfd, (file_ptr) 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)
goto error_return;
abfd->start_address = 0;
segbase = 0;
extbase = 0;
sec = NULL;
lineno = 1;
error = FALSE;
bufsize = 0;
while ((c = ihex_get_byte (abfd, &error)) != EOF)
{
if (c == '\r')
continue;
else if (c == '\n')
{
++lineno;
continue;
}
else if (c != ':')
{
ihex_bad_byte (abfd, lineno, c, error);
goto error_return;
}
else
{
file_ptr pos;
char hdr[8];
unsigned int i;
unsigned int len;
bfd_vma addr;
unsigned int type;
unsigned int chars;
unsigned int chksum;
pos = bfd_tell (abfd) - 1;
if (bfd_bread (hdr, (bfd_size_type) 8, abfd) != 8)
goto error_return;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
if (! ISHEX (hdr[i]))
{
ihex_bad_byte (abfd, lineno, hdr[i], error);
goto error_return;
}
}
len = HEX2 (hdr);
addr = HEX4 (hdr + 2);
type = HEX2 (hdr + 6);
chars = len * 2 + 2;
if (chars >= bufsize)
{
buf = bfd_realloc (buf, (bfd_size_type) chars);
if (buf == NULL)
goto error_return;
bufsize = chars;
}
if (bfd_bread (buf, (bfd_size_type) chars, abfd) != chars)
goto error_return;
for (i = 0; i < chars; i++)
{
if (! ISHEX (buf[i]))
{
ihex_bad_byte (abfd, lineno, hdr[i], error);
goto error_return;
}
}
chksum = len + addr + (addr >> 8) + type;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
chksum += HEX2 (buf + 2 * i);
if (((- chksum) & 0xff) != (unsigned int) HEX2 (buf + 2 * i))
{
(*_bfd_error_handler)
(_("%B:%u: bad checksum in Intel Hex file (expected %u, found %u)"),
abfd, lineno,
(- chksum) & 0xff, (unsigned int) HEX2 (buf + 2 * i));
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
goto error_return;
}
switch (type)
{
case 0:
if (sec != NULL
&& sec->vma + sec->size == extbase + segbase + addr)
{
currently building. */
sec->size += len;
}
else if (len > 0)
{
char secbuf[20];
char *secname;
bfd_size_type amt;
flagword flags;
sprintf (secbuf, ".sec%d", bfd_count_sections (abfd) + 1);
amt = strlen (secbuf) + 1;
secname = bfd_alloc (abfd, amt);
if (secname == NULL)
goto error_return;
strcpy (secname, secbuf);
flags = SEC_HAS_CONTENTS | SEC_LOAD | SEC_ALLOC;
sec = bfd_make_section_with_flags (abfd, secname, flags);
if (sec == NULL)
goto error_return;
sec->vma = extbase + segbase + addr;
sec->lma = extbase + segbase + addr;
sec->size = len;
sec->filepos = pos;
}
break;
case 1:
if (abfd->start_address == 0)
abfd->start_address = addr;
if (buf != NULL)
free (buf);
return TRUE;
case 2:
if (len != 2)
{
(*_bfd_error_handler)
(_("%B:%u: bad extended address record length in Intel Hex file"),
abfd, lineno);
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
goto error_return;
}
segbase = HEX4 (buf) << 4;
sec = NULL;
break;
case 3:
if (len != 4)
{
(*_bfd_error_handler)
(_("%B:%u: bad extended start address length in Intel Hex file"),
abfd, lineno);
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
goto error_return;
}
abfd->start_address += (HEX4 (buf) << 4) + HEX4 (buf + 4);
sec = NULL;
break;
case 4:
if (len != 2)
{
(*_bfd_error_handler)
(_("%B:%u: bad extended linear address record length in Intel Hex file"),
abfd, lineno);
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
goto error_return;
}
extbase = HEX4 (buf) << 16;
sec = NULL;
break;
case 5:
if (len != 2 && len != 4)
{
(*_bfd_error_handler)
(_("%B:%u: bad extended linear start address length in Intel Hex file"),
abfd, lineno);
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
goto error_return;
}
if (len == 2)
abfd->start_address += HEX4 (buf) << 16;
else
abfd->start_address = (HEX4 (buf) << 16) + HEX4 (buf + 4);
sec = NULL;
break;
default:
(*_bfd_error_handler)
(_("%B:%u: unrecognized ihex type %u in Intel Hex file"),
abfd, lineno, type);
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
goto error_return;
}
}
}
if (error)
goto error_return;
if (buf != NULL)
free (buf);
return TRUE;
error_return:
if (buf != NULL)
free (buf);
return FALSE;
}
static const bfd_target *
ihex_object_p (bfd *abfd)
{
void * tdata_save;
bfd_byte b[9];
unsigned int i;
unsigned int type;
ihex_init ();
if (bfd_seek (abfd, (file_ptr) 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)
return NULL;
if (bfd_bread (b, (bfd_size_type) 9, abfd) != 9)
{
if (bfd_get_error () == bfd_error_file_truncated)
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_wrong_format);
return NULL;
}
if (b[0] != ':')
{
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_wrong_format);
return NULL;
}
for (i = 1; i < 9; i++)
{
if (! ISHEX (b[i]))
{
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_wrong_format);
return NULL;
}
}
type = HEX2 (b + 7);
if (type > 5)
{
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_wrong_format);
return NULL;
}
tdata_save = abfd->tdata.any;
if (! ihex_mkobject (abfd) || ! ihex_scan (abfd))
{
if (abfd->tdata.any != tdata_save && abfd->tdata.any != NULL)
bfd_release (abfd, abfd->tdata.any);
abfd->tdata.any = tdata_save;
return NULL;
}
return abfd->xvec;
}
static bfd_boolean
ihex_read_section (bfd *abfd, asection *section, bfd_byte *contents)
{
int c;
bfd_byte *p;
bfd_byte *buf = NULL;
size_t bufsize;
bfd_boolean error;
if (bfd_seek (abfd, section->filepos, SEEK_SET) != 0)
goto error_return;
p = contents;
bufsize = 0;
error = FALSE;
while ((c = ihex_get_byte (abfd, &error)) != EOF)
{
char hdr[8];
unsigned int len;
unsigned int type;
unsigned int i;
if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
continue;
know the exact format. */
BFD_ASSERT (c == ':');
if (bfd_bread (hdr, (bfd_size_type) 8, abfd) != 8)
goto error_return;
len = HEX2 (hdr);
type = HEX2 (hdr + 6);
if (type != 0)
{
(*_bfd_error_handler)
(_("%B: internal error in ihex_read_section"), abfd);
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
goto error_return;
}
if (len * 2 > bufsize)
{
buf = bfd_realloc (buf, (bfd_size_type) len * 2);
if (buf == NULL)
goto error_return;
bufsize = len * 2;
}
if (bfd_bread (buf, (bfd_size_type) len * 2, abfd) != len * 2)
goto error_return;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
*p++ = HEX2 (buf + 2 * i);
if ((bfd_size_type) (p - contents) >= section->size)
{
if (buf != NULL)
free (buf);
return TRUE;
}
if (bfd_bread (buf, (bfd_size_type) 2, abfd) != 2)
goto error_return;
}
if ((bfd_size_type) (p - contents) < section->size)
{
(*_bfd_error_handler)
(_("%B: bad section length in ihex_read_section"), abfd);
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
goto error_return;
}
if (buf != NULL)
free (buf);
return TRUE;
error_return:
if (buf != NULL)
free (buf);
return FALSE;
}
static bfd_boolean
ihex_get_section_contents (bfd *abfd,
asection *section,
void * location,
file_ptr offset,
bfd_size_type count)
{
if (section->used_by_bfd == NULL)
{
section->used_by_bfd = bfd_alloc (abfd, section->size);
if (section->used_by_bfd == NULL)
return FALSE;
if (! ihex_read_section (abfd, section, section->used_by_bfd))
return FALSE;
}
memcpy (location, (bfd_byte *) section->used_by_bfd + offset,
(size_t) count);
return TRUE;
}
static bfd_boolean
ihex_set_section_contents (bfd *abfd,
asection *section,
const void * location,
file_ptr offset,
bfd_size_type count)
{
struct ihex_data_list *n;
bfd_byte *data;
struct ihex_data_struct *tdata;
if (count == 0
|| (section->flags & SEC_ALLOC) == 0
|| (section->flags & SEC_LOAD) == 0)
return TRUE;
n = bfd_alloc (abfd, sizeof (* n));
if (n == NULL)
return FALSE;
data = bfd_alloc (abfd, count);
if (data == NULL)
return FALSE;
memcpy (data, location, (size_t) count);
n->data = data;
n->where = section->lma + offset;
n->size = count;
adding a record to the end of the list. */
tdata = abfd->tdata.ihex_data;
if (tdata->tail != NULL
&& n->where >= tdata->tail->where)
{
tdata->tail->next = n;
n->next = NULL;
tdata->tail = n;
}
else
{
struct ihex_data_list **pp;
for (pp = &tdata->head;
*pp != NULL && (*pp)->where < n->where;
pp = &(*pp)->next)
;
n->next = *pp;
*pp = n;
if (n->next == NULL)
tdata->tail = n;
}
return TRUE;
}
static bfd_boolean
ihex_write_record (bfd *abfd,
size_t count,
unsigned int addr,
unsigned int type,
bfd_byte *data)
{
static const char digs[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
char buf[9 + CHUNK * 2 + 4];
char *p;
unsigned int chksum;
unsigned int i;
size_t total;
#define TOHEX(buf, v) \
((buf)[0] = digs[((v) >> 4) & 0xf], (buf)[1] = digs[(v) & 0xf])
buf[0] = ':';
TOHEX (buf + 1, count);
TOHEX (buf + 3, (addr >> 8) & 0xff);
TOHEX (buf + 5, addr & 0xff);
TOHEX (buf + 7, type);
chksum = count + addr + (addr >> 8) + type;
for (i = 0, p = buf + 9; i < count; i++, p += 2, data++)
{
TOHEX (p, *data);
chksum += *data;
}
TOHEX (p, (- chksum) & 0xff);
p[2] = '\r';
p[3] = '\n';
total = 9 + count * 2 + 4;
if (bfd_bwrite (buf, (bfd_size_type) total, abfd) != total)
return FALSE;
return TRUE;
}
static bfd_boolean
ihex_write_object_contents (bfd *abfd)
{
bfd_vma segbase;
bfd_vma extbase;
struct ihex_data_list *l;
segbase = 0;
extbase = 0;
for (l = abfd->tdata.ihex_data->head; l != NULL; l = l->next)
{
bfd_vma where;
bfd_byte *p;
bfd_size_type count;
where = l->where;
p = l->data;
count = l->size;
while (count > 0)
{
size_t now;
unsigned int rec_addr;
now = count;
if (count > CHUNK)
now = CHUNK;
if (where > segbase + extbase + 0xffff)
{
bfd_byte addr[2];
if (where <= 0xfffff)
{
BFD_ASSERT (extbase == 0);
segbase = where & 0xf0000;
addr[0] = (bfd_byte)(segbase >> 12) & 0xff;
addr[1] = (bfd_byte)(segbase >> 4) & 0xff;
if (! ihex_write_record (abfd, 2, 0, 2, addr))
return FALSE;
}
else
{
linear address record are combined, at least by
some readers. We need an extended linear address
record here, so if we've already written out an
extended address record, zero it out to avoid
confusion. */
if (segbase != 0)
{
addr[0] = 0;
addr[1] = 0;
if (! ihex_write_record (abfd, 2, 0, 2, addr))
return FALSE;
segbase = 0;
}
extbase = where & 0xffff0000;
if (where > extbase + 0xffff)
{
char buf[20];
sprintf_vma (buf, where);
(*_bfd_error_handler)
(_("%s: address 0x%s out of range for Intel Hex file"),
bfd_get_filename (abfd), buf);
bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
return FALSE;
}
addr[0] = (bfd_byte)(extbase >> 24) & 0xff;
addr[1] = (bfd_byte)(extbase >> 16) & 0xff;
if (! ihex_write_record (abfd, 2, 0, 4, addr))
return FALSE;
}
}
rec_addr = where - (extbase + segbase);
if (rec_addr + now > 0xffff)
now = 0x10000 - rec_addr;
if (! ihex_write_record (abfd, now, rec_addr, 0, p))
return FALSE;
where += now;
p += now;
count -= now;
}
}
if (abfd->start_address != 0)
{
bfd_vma start;
bfd_byte startbuf[4];
start = abfd->start_address;
if (start <= 0xfffff)
{
startbuf[0] = (bfd_byte)((start & 0xf0000) >> 12) & 0xff;
startbuf[1] = 0;
startbuf[2] = (bfd_byte)(start >> 8) & 0xff;
startbuf[3] = (bfd_byte)start & 0xff;
if (! ihex_write_record (abfd, 4, 0, 3, startbuf))
return FALSE;
}
else
{
startbuf[0] = (bfd_byte)(start >> 24) & 0xff;
startbuf[1] = (bfd_byte)(start >> 16) & 0xff;
startbuf[2] = (bfd_byte)(start >> 8) & 0xff;
startbuf[3] = (bfd_byte)start & 0xff;
if (! ihex_write_record (abfd, 4, 0, 5, startbuf))
return FALSE;
}
}
if (! ihex_write_record (abfd, 0, 0, 1, NULL))
return FALSE;
return TRUE;
}
irrelevant, so we ignore errors about unknown architectures. */
static bfd_boolean
ihex_set_arch_mach (bfd *abfd,
enum bfd_architecture arch,
unsigned long mach)
{
if (! bfd_default_set_arch_mach (abfd, arch, mach))
{
if (arch != bfd_arch_unknown)
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
static int
ihex_sizeof_headers (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
struct bfd_link_info *info ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
return 0;
}
#define ihex_close_and_cleanup _bfd_generic_close_and_cleanup
#define ihex_bfd_free_cached_info _bfd_generic_bfd_free_cached_info
#define ihex_new_section_hook _bfd_generic_new_section_hook
#define ihex_get_section_contents_in_window _bfd_generic_get_section_contents_in_window
#define ihex_get_symtab_upper_bound bfd_0l
#define ihex_canonicalize_symtab ((long (*) (bfd *, asymbol **)) bfd_0l)
#define ihex_make_empty_symbol _bfd_generic_make_empty_symbol
#define ihex_print_symbol _bfd_nosymbols_print_symbol
#define ihex_get_symbol_info _bfd_nosymbols_get_symbol_info
#define ihex_bfd_is_target_special_symbol ((bfd_boolean (*) (bfd *, asymbol *)) bfd_false)
#define ihex_bfd_is_local_label_name _bfd_nosymbols_bfd_is_local_label_name
#define ihex_get_lineno _bfd_nosymbols_get_lineno
#define ihex_find_nearest_line _bfd_nosymbols_find_nearest_line
#define ihex_find_inliner_info _bfd_nosymbols_find_inliner_info
#define ihex_bfd_make_debug_symbol _bfd_nosymbols_bfd_make_debug_symbol
#define ihex_read_minisymbols _bfd_nosymbols_read_minisymbols
#define ihex_minisymbol_to_symbol _bfd_nosymbols_minisymbol_to_symbol
#define ihex_bfd_get_relocated_section_contents bfd_generic_get_relocated_section_contents
#define ihex_bfd_relax_section bfd_generic_relax_section
#define ihex_bfd_gc_sections bfd_generic_gc_sections
#define ihex_bfd_merge_sections bfd_generic_merge_sections
#define ihex_bfd_is_group_section bfd_generic_is_group_section
#define ihex_bfd_discard_group bfd_generic_discard_group
#define ihex_section_already_linked _bfd_generic_section_already_linked
#define ihex_bfd_link_hash_table_create _bfd_generic_link_hash_table_create
#define ihex_bfd_link_hash_table_free _bfd_generic_link_hash_table_free
#define ihex_bfd_link_add_symbols _bfd_generic_link_add_symbols
#define ihex_bfd_link_just_syms _bfd_generic_link_just_syms
#define ihex_bfd_final_link _bfd_generic_final_link
#define ihex_bfd_link_split_section _bfd_generic_link_split_section
const bfd_target ihex_vec =
{
"ihex",
bfd_target_ihex_flavour,
BFD_ENDIAN_UNKNOWN,
BFD_ENDIAN_UNKNOWN,
0,
(SEC_HAS_CONTENTS | SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD),
0,
' ',
16,
bfd_getb64, bfd_getb_signed_64, bfd_putb64,
bfd_getb32, bfd_getb_signed_32, bfd_putb32,
bfd_getb16, bfd_getb_signed_16, bfd_putb16,
bfd_getb64, bfd_getb_signed_64, bfd_putb64,
bfd_getb32, bfd_getb_signed_32, bfd_putb32,
bfd_getb16, bfd_getb_signed_16, bfd_putb16,
{
_bfd_dummy_target,
ihex_object_p,
_bfd_dummy_target,
_bfd_dummy_target,
},
{
bfd_false,
ihex_mkobject,
_bfd_generic_mkarchive,
bfd_false,
},
{
bfd_false,
ihex_write_object_contents,
_bfd_write_archive_contents,
bfd_false,
},
BFD_JUMP_TABLE_GENERIC (ihex),
BFD_JUMP_TABLE_COPY (_bfd_generic),
BFD_JUMP_TABLE_CORE (_bfd_nocore),
BFD_JUMP_TABLE_ARCHIVE (_bfd_noarchive),
BFD_JUMP_TABLE_SYMBOLS (ihex),
BFD_JUMP_TABLE_RELOCS (_bfd_norelocs),
BFD_JUMP_TABLE_WRITE (ihex),
BFD_JUMP_TABLE_LINK (ihex),
BFD_JUMP_TABLE_DYNAMIC (_bfd_nodynamic),
NULL,
NULL
};