<appendix id="appendix.gfdl-1.2"><title>GNU Free Documentation License</title><para>Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation,<abbrev>Inc.</abbrev> 51 Franklin <abbrev>St</abbrev>, Fifth Floor,Boston, <abbrev>MA</abbrev> 02110-1301 <abbrevrole="initialism">USA</abbrev>. Everyone is permitted to copy anddistribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it isnot allowed.</para><bridgehead id="Preamble" renderas="sect1">0. PREAMBLE</bridgehead><para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or otherfunctional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assureeveryone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with orwithout modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way toget credit for their work, while not being considered responsible formodifications made by others.</para><para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works ofthe document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complementsthe GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed forfree software.</para><para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for freesoftware, because free software needs free documentation: a free programshould come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the softwaredoes. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be usedfor any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it ispublished as a printed book. We recommend this License principally forworks whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para><bridgehead id="Definitions" renderas="sect1">1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</bridgehead><para>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, thatcontains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can bedistributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants aworld-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that workunder the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to anysuch manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and isaddressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify ordistribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyrightlaw.</para><para>A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing theDocument or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modificationsand/or translated into another language.</para><para>A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of theDocument that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers orauthors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to relatedmatters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overallsubject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, aSecondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationshipcould be a matter of historical connection with the subject or withrelated matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical orpolitical position regarding them.</para><para>The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles aredesignated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that saysthat the Document is released under this License. If a section does notfit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to bedesignated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero InvariantSections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections thenthere are none.</para><para>The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, asFront-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that theDocument is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be atmost 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.</para><para>A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,represented in a format whose specification is available to the generalpublic, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly withgeneric text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paintprograms or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and thatis suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to avariety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made inan otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup,has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification byreaders is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if usedfor any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" iscalled "Opaque".</para><para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCIIwithout markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XMLusing a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples oftransparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formatsinclude proprietary formats that can be read and edited only byproprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/orprocessing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generatedHTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for outputpurposes only.</para><para>The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plussuch following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material thisLicense requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats whichdo not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near themost prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning ofthe body of the text.</para><para>A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose titleeither is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text thattranslates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specificsection name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications","Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a sectionwhen you modify the Document means that it remains a section "EntitledXYZ" according to this definition.</para><para>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice whichstates that this License applies to the Document. These WarrantyDisclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication thatthese Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on themeaning of this License.</para><bridgehead id="VerbatimCopying" renderas="sect1">2. VERBATIM COPYING</bridgehead><para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, eithercommercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyrightnotices, and the license notice saying this License applies to theDocument are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no otherconditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technicalmeasures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of thecopies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation inexchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copiesyou must also follow the conditions in section 3.</para><para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and youmay publicly display copies.</para><bridgehead id="QuantityCopying" renderas="sect1">3. COPYING IN QUANTITY</bridgehead><para>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly haveprinted covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and theDocument's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose thecopies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the backcover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as thepublisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full titlewith all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may addother material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited tothe covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfythese conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in otherrespects.</para><para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on theactual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.</para><para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering morethan 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copyalong with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy acomputer-network location from which the general network-using public hasaccess to download using public-standard network protocols a completeTransparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use thelatter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begindistribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparentcopy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least oneyear after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly orthrough your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.</para><para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of theDocument well before redistributing any large number of copies, to givethem a chance to provide you with an updated version of theDocument.</para><bridgehead id="Modifications" renderas="sect1">4. MODIFICATIONS</bridgehead><para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under theconditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release theModified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Versionfilling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution andmodification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:</para><orderedlist numeration="upperalpha"><listitem><simpara>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinctfrom that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (whichshould, if there were any, be listed in the History section of theDocument). You may use the same title as a previous version if theoriginal publisher of that version gives permission.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entitiesresponsible for authorship of the modifications in the ModifiedVersion, together with at least five of the principal authors of theDocument (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),unless they release you from this requirement.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the ModifiedVersion, as the publisher.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent tothe other copyright notices.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license noticegiving the public permission to use the Modified Version under theterms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sectionsand required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>Include an unaltered copy of this License.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and addto it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, andpublisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. Ifthere is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create onestating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document asgiven on its Title Page, then add an item describing the ModifiedVersion as stated in the previous sentence.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document forpublic access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise thenetwork locations given in the Document for previous versions it wasbased on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omita network location for a work that was published at least four yearsbefore the Document itself, or if the original publisher of theversion it refers to gives permission.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preservethe Title of the section, and preserve in the section all thesubstance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/ordedications given therein.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered intheir text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent arenot considered part of the section titles.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not beincluded in the Modified Version.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" orto conflict in title with any Invariant Section.</simpara></listitem><listitem><simpara>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.</simpara></listitem></orderedlist><para>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendicesthat qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from theDocument, you may at your option designate some or all of these sectionsas invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of InvariantSections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must bedistinct from any other section titles.</para><para>You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it containsnothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--forexample, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved byan organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.</para><para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and apassage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list ofCover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Textand one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements madeby) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for thesame cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the sameentity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you mayreplace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisherthat added the old one.</para><para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License givepermission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or implyendorsement of any Modified Version.</para><bridgehead id="Combining" renderas="sect1">5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</bridgehead><para>You may combine the Document with other documents released under thisLicense, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sectionsof all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all asInvariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and thatyou preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.</para><para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multipleidentical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If thereare multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, inparentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that sectionif known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to thesection titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice ofthe combined work.</para><para>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" inthe various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History";likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and anysections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled"Endorsements".</para><bridgehead id="Collections" renderas="sect1">6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</bridgehead><para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documentsreleased under this License, and replace the individual copies of thisLicense in the various documents with a single copy that is included inthe collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License forverbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.</para><para>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distributeit individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of thisLicense into the extracted document, and follow this License in all otherrespects regarding verbatim copying of that document.</para><bridgehead id="Aggregation" renderas="sect1">7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</bridgehead><para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate andindependent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage ordistribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resultingfrom the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of thecompilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When theDocument is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to theother works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works ofthe Document.</para><para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copiesof the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entireaggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracketthe Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of coversif the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear onprinted covers that bracket the whole aggregate.</para><bridgehead id="Translation" renderas="sect1">8. TRANSLATION</bridgehead><para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distributetranslations of the Document under the terms of section 4. ReplacingInvariant Sections with translations requires special permission fromtheir copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or allInvariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these InvariantSections. You may include a translation of this License, and all thelicense notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, providedthat you also include the original English version of this License and theoriginal versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of adisagreement between the translation and the original version of thisLicense or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.</para><para>If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements","Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve itsTitle (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.</para><bridgehead id="Termination" renderas="sect1">9. TERMINATION</bridgehead><para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except asexpressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy,modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and willautomatically terminate your rights under this License. However, partieswho have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will nothave their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in fullcompliance.</para><bridgehead id="FutureRevisions" renderas="sect1">10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</bridgehead><para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNUFree Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will besimilar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail toaddress new problems or concerns. See <ulinkurl="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.</para><para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. Ifthe Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License"or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following theterms and conditions either of that specified version or of any laterversion that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free SoftwareFoundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of thisLicense, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by theFree Software Foundation.</para><bridgehead id="HowToUse" renderas="sect1">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</bridgehead><para>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of theLicense in the document and put the following copyright and licensenotices just after the title page:</para><blockquote><para>Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.</para><para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this documentunder the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 orany later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with noInvariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. Acopy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU FreeDocumentation License".</para></blockquote><para>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,replace the "with...Texts." line with this:</para><blockquote><para>with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with theFront-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</para></blockquote><para>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some othercombination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit thesituation.</para><para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, werecommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of freesoftware license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit theiruse in free software.</para></appendix>